Contaminant 5000
Unresolved Phase I/II/V Inorganic Chemical Rules violation cited in 2024 (contaminant 5000).
City · TRI 2024
Caldwell, Idaho Pollution
5 TRI facilities inside the city limits and 21 public water systems serving residents. In-city TRI releases rose modestly year over year (+13%). Toxic releases concentrations have more than doubled since 2010.
FIPS 1612250 · population 61,212 · Canyon County
Anomaly engine
Notable Signals
Contaminant 1996
Unresolved Lead and Copper Rule violation cited in 2022 (contaminant 1996).
Arsenic
Unresolved Phase I/II/V Inorganic Chemical Rules violation cited in 2024 (arsenic).
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM)
Unresolved Total Trihalomethanes Rule violation cited in 2024 (total trihalomethanes (tthm)).
Showing the 4 most editorially weighted signals out of 32. Lower-severity signals fold into the chemical breakdown and history charts below.
Pollutant pathways
Caldwell Pollutant Multi-Year Trends
PM2.5 annual mean (NAAQS 9 µg/m³ (annual))Health riskFine inhalable particles 2.5 micrometers or smaller. They travel deep into the lungs and into the bloodstream — linked to asthma, heart disease, stroke, and premature death.
PM2.5 annual mean (NAAQS 9 µg/m³ (annual)) concentrations have fallen 37% since 2010.
PM2.5 24-hour 98th percentile (NAAQS 35 µg/m³ (24-hour))Health riskFine inhalable particles 2.5 micrometers or smaller. They travel deep into the lungs and into the bloodstream — linked to asthma, heart disease, stroke, and premature death.
PM2.5 24-hour 98th percentile (NAAQS 35 µg/m³ (24-hour)) concentrations have fallen 33% since 2010.
Lifetime cancer risk all pollutants (100 in a million (EPA elevated threshold))Health riskEPA-modeled added cancer cases per million residents from a lifetime of breathing local air toxics. EPA flags 100-in-a-million as elevated.
Single-vintage exposure modeling — EPA cadence is multi-year, so no trend line yet.
Formaldehyde ambient mean (0.077 µg/m³ (1-in-a-million URE))Health riskAn air toxic emitted by refineries, wood products, and combustion. EPA classifies it as a known human carcinogen — long-term inhalation raises cancer risk.
Single-vintage exposure modeling — EPA cadence is multi-year, so no trend line yet.
Benzene ambient mean (0.13 µg/m³ (1-in-a-million URE))Health riskAn air toxic from gasoline, refineries, and tobacco smoke. A known human carcinogen — chronic exposure is linked to leukemia and other blood cancers.
Single-vintage exposure modeling — EPA cadence is multi-year, so no trend line yet.
TRI air releases (5.1 fugitive + 5.2 stack)Health riskToxic chemicals reported by industrial facilities as released into the air — fugitive leaks plus smokestack emissions. Higher pounds means more inhaled exposure for nearby residents.
TRI air releases (5.1 fugitive + 5.2 stack) concentrations have more than doubled since 2010.
TRI water releases (5.3)Health riskToxic chemicals reported by industrial facilities as discharged to surface waters (rivers, lakes, the ocean). Affects fishing, recreation, and downstream drinking-water intakes.
TRI water releases (5.3) volumes here are too small to anchor a multi-year trend; YoY movement is still shown above.
TRI land + off-site releasesHealth riskToxic chemicals released to land on-site or transferred off-site for disposal — landfills, deep-well injection, and similar. Risks groundwater contamination over time.
TRI land + off-site releases concentrations have more than doubled since 2010.
Greenhouse gases (GHGRP large emitters, through 2023)Health riskGreenhouse gases reported by large industrial emitters under EPA's GHGRP, in metric tons of CO₂ equivalent. Drives climate warming and the heat-related health effects that follow.
Greenhouse gases (GHGRP large emitters, through 2023) concentrations are up 37% since 2010.
Top facilities · TRI 2024
Largest Emitters Inside The City
| Facility | Top chemical | Total releases | YoY |
|---|---|---|---|
| Simplot U.S. Food Group Holdings LLCJ R Simplot Co | Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution)Health riskDrinking-water nitrate causes methemoglobinemia ('blue-baby syndrome') in infants; EPA MCL is 10 mg/L as N. (EPA) | 246k lb | +20% |
| Best Bath SystemsBest Bath Systems INC | StyreneHealth riskIARC Group 2A probable carcinogen; central-nervous-system effects from inhalation. (IARC, EPA) | 157k lb | +5% |
| Darigold-CaldwellNorthwest Dairy Assoc | Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution)Health riskDrinking-water nitrate causes methemoglobinemia ('blue-baby syndrome') in infants; EPA MCL is 10 mg/L as N. (EPA) | 6k lb | -13% |
| Simplot Western Stockmen'SJ R Simplot Co | Copper And Copper CompoundsHealth riskInhaled copper fumes cause metal-fume fever; chronic ingestion above EPA's 1.3 mg/L action level damages the liver. (EPA) | 688 lb | -72% |
| Big Tex Trailer Manufacturing Inc-CaldwellBcd Parent INC | ManganeseHealth riskExcess inhalation can cause manganism, a Parkinson-like neurological disorder. (ATSDR) | 50 lb | -80% |
Drinking water · SDWIS
Water Systems Serving Caldwell
614 unresolved violations on the SDWIS record across utilities serving this city.
21
Utilities serving
77,542
Population served
86
Health-based · 5yr
614
Unresolved
| Water system | PWSID | Population served | Health-based · 5yr | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drake Subd Private | ID3140028 | 150 | 60 | UNRESOLVED |
| Idaho Youth Ranch Hands Of Promise Private | ID3140274 | 95 | 21 | UNRESOLVED |
| Maverick Subd Lasher Construction Private | ID3140069 | 90 | 3 | UNRESOLVED |
| Country Club Subdivisions Water Assn Private | ID3140022 | 120 | 1 | UNRESOLVED |
| Pleasant View Manor Private | ID3140079 | 100 | 1 | UNRESOLVED |
| Caldwell City Of Municipal | ID3140013 | 74,000 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| Caldwell Housing Authority Private | ID3140012 | 1,100 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| El Rancho Heights Private | ID3140034 | 300 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| Woodview Acres Property Owners Private | ID3140141 | 245 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| Somerset West Water Corp Private | ID3140113 | 203 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| Owyhee Village Subd Water Assn Inc Private | ID3140087 | 200 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| Par Estates Homeowners Assn Private | ID3140180 | 140 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| Gem State Academy Private | ID3140038 | 121 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| Stecher Water Users Assn Private | ID3140116 | 70 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| Stecher Mutual Water Company Private | ID3140175 | 62 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| Rich Subd Private | ID3140096 | 60 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| Vanal Heights Well Assn Private | ID3140133 | 48 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| Vanal Heights Sweet Water Private | ID3140132 | 45 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| Wildrose Estates Private | ID3140139 | 40 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
Showing the 19 systems with recorded health-based or unresolved violations. 2 additional systems are in compliance with no recorded health-based violations in the past 5 years and are not individually tabulated.
A public water systemis the regulated entity, not the city. EPA's SDWIS definition covers anything serving 25+ people for 60+ days a year or with 15+ service connections — that includes municipal utilities (City of Stockton), water districts, mobile home parks operating their own wells, schools, and small private subdivisions. Each system is independently monitored. Some systems serve multiple cities; some cities are served by many systems.
Equity context · ACS 2018-2022 · USEPA-clone EJ disparity
Who Lives In Caldwell
Caldwell, Idaho (Census place block groups): 61,212 residents. City disparity score for pm2.5 (fine particulate) sits well above the reference burden (157). Why we surface this →
12.6%
Low-income
43.7%
People of color
8.3%
Under age 5
10.0%
Over age 64
- PM2.5 (fine particulate)Health riskFine inhalable particles 2.5 micrometers or smaller. They travel deep into the lungs and into the bloodstream — linked to asthma, heart disease, stroke, and premature death.89in the highest 20% nationally
- OzoneHealth riskGround-level ozone (smog) inflames the airways. Even short exposures trigger asthma attacks and worsen chronic lung and heart disease.39below the national median
- Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)Health riskA tailpipe and combustion gas. Concentrates near busy roads and industrial sites; raises risk of airway inflammation, asthma, and lower respiratory infections in children.52near the national median
- Diesel particulateHealth riskSoot from diesel engines (trucks, trains, ports, construction). EPA classifies it as a likely human carcinogen and a major driver of childhood asthma near freight corridors.78above the national median
- Toxic releases (RSEI)Health riskEPA's Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators score — weights TRI chemical releases by toxicity, where they go, and how many people are nearby. Higher means greater modeled cancer and chronic-health risk.72above the national median
- Traffic proximityHealth riskPopulation-weighted distance to high-volume roads. Living close to heavy traffic raises exposure to PM2.5, NO₂, and diesel exhaust — and the cardiovascular and asthma risks that follow.47near the national median
- Lead-paint risk (pre-1960 housing)Health riskShare of housing built before 1960, when lead-based paint was common. Dust from deteriorating paint is the leading cause of childhood lead poisoning, which permanently impairs cognitive development.53near the national median
- Superfund site proximityHealth riskPopulation-weighted distance to NPL Superfund sites — the most contaminated waste sites in the country. Nearby groundwater, soil, and air can carry industrial solvents, metals, and other long-lived contaminants.56near the national median
- RMP-facility proximityHealth riskDistance to facilities holding chemicals at quantities large enough to require an EPA Risk Management Plan (refineries, fertilizer plants, etc.). These pose acute exposure risk during accidental releases.28below the national median
- Hazardous-waste site proximityHealth riskDistance to RCRA hazardous-waste handlers (treatment, storage, disposal facilities). Indicates potential exposure to industrial chemicals in air, soil, and groundwater.30below the national median
- Underground storage tanksHealth riskDensity of underground tanks (gasoline, heating oil, industrial fluids). Leaking tanks are a leading source of benzene and other volatile organic compounds in groundwater drinking-water supplies.69above the national median
- NPDES wastewater proximityHealth riskDistance to permitted industrial wastewater dischargers. Closer proximity raises exposure to pollutants released into surface waters used for fishing, recreation, and downstream drinking-water intakes.99in the highest 5% nationally
- Drinking-water non-complianceHealth riskEPA score for public water systems with health-based Safe Drinking Water Act violations. Higher means more residents on systems that recently exceeded safe limits for contaminants like lead, arsenic, or nitrate.100in the highest 5% nationally
| Indicator | Disparity score | Reading |
|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (fine particulate) | 157 | well above the reference burden |
| Ozone | 127 | moderately above the reference |
| Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) | 92 | near the reference |
| Diesel particulate | 132 | moderately above the reference |
| Toxic releases (RSEI) | 96 | near the reference |
| Traffic proximity | 82 | below the reference |
| Lead-paint risk (pre-1960 housing) | 59 | below the reference |
| Superfund site proximity | 0 | well below the reference |
| RMP-facility proximity | 2 | well below the reference |
| Hazardous-waste site proximity | 53 | below the reference |
| Underground storage tanks | 97 | near the reference |
| NPDES wastewater proximity | 171 | well above the reference burden |
| Drinking-water non-compliance | 174 | well above the reference burden |
Source: Census ACS 2018-2022 (5-year) + USEPA-clone EJ blockgroup stats (raw indicators + EJ disparity mirror).
Health context
Co-Located Health Indicators
Modeled adult-prevalence estimates published by CDC PLACES, paired with this city's pollution and demographic context. Comparisons are ecological, not causal — pollution and disease prevalence covary at the area level, but the data does not attribute any individual's diagnosis to local exposure. How this section works →
Adult asthma (current)
11.0%
CDC PLACES · 2025 release · BRFSS 2022-2023
COPD prevalence
7.0%
CDC PLACES · 2025 release · BRFSS 2022-2023
Coronary heart disease
5.8%
CDC PLACES · 2025 release · BRFSS 2022-2023
Diabetes (diagnosed)
11.6%
CDC PLACES · 2025 release · BRFSS 2022-2023
Frequent mental distress
17.8%
CDC PLACES · 2025 release · BRFSS 2022-2023
PLACES uses BRFSS-modeled small-area estimates, not individual records. Crude prevalence shown above is the local rate as published; comparators are age-adjusted vs the Idaho mean and the US mean — both population-weighted across counties — so geographies with different age structures stay apples-to-apples. Sources: CDC PLACES · 2025 release · BRFSS 2022-2023.
Sources.
- EPA Toxics Release Inventory · retrieved 2026-05-07.
- EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System · retrieved 2026-05-07.