Contaminant 0300
Unresolved Long Term 1 Enhanced SWTR violation cited in 2023 (contaminant 0300).
City · TRI 2024
Jefferson, North Carolina Pollution
1 TRI facilities inside the city limits and 2 public water systems serving residents. In-city TRI releases held roughly steady year over year (—). Toxic releases concentrations have more than halved since 2010.
FIPS 3734440 · population 1,872 · Ashe County
Anomaly engine
Notable Signals
Mercury (inorganic)
Unresolved Phase I/II/V Inorganic Chemical Rules violation cited in 2020 (mercury (inorganic)).
Mercury (inorganic)
Unresolved Phase I/II/V Inorganic Chemical Rules violation cited in 2020 (mercury (inorganic)).
Contaminant 5200
Phase I/II/V Inorganic Chemical Rules health-based violation cited in 2024 (contaminant 5200).
Showing the 4 most editorially weighted signals out of 5. Lower-severity signals fold into the chemical breakdown and history charts below.
Pollutant pathways
Jefferson Pollutant Multi-Year Trends
Lifetime cancer risk all pollutants (100 in a million (EPA elevated threshold))Health riskEPA-modeled added cancer cases per million residents from a lifetime of breathing local air toxics. EPA flags 100-in-a-million as elevated.
Single-vintage exposure modeling — EPA cadence is multi-year, so no trend line yet.
Formaldehyde ambient mean (0.077 µg/m³ (1-in-a-million URE))Health riskAn air toxic emitted by refineries, wood products, and combustion. EPA classifies it as a known human carcinogen — long-term inhalation raises cancer risk.
Single-vintage exposure modeling — EPA cadence is multi-year, so no trend line yet.
Benzene ambient mean (0.13 µg/m³ (1-in-a-million URE))Health riskAn air toxic from gasoline, refineries, and tobacco smoke. A known human carcinogen — chronic exposure is linked to leukemia and other blood cancers.
Single-vintage exposure modeling — EPA cadence is multi-year, so no trend line yet.
TRI air releases (5.1 fugitive + 5.2 stack)Health riskToxic chemicals reported by industrial facilities as released into the air — fugitive leaks plus smokestack emissions. Higher pounds means more inhaled exposure for nearby residents.
TRI air releases (5.1 fugitive + 5.2 stack) volumes here are too small to anchor a multi-year trend; YoY movement is still shown above.
TRI water releases (5.3)Health riskToxic chemicals reported by industrial facilities as discharged to surface waters (rivers, lakes, the ocean). Affects fishing, recreation, and downstream drinking-water intakes.
TRI water releases (5.3) volumes here are too small to anchor a multi-year trend; YoY movement is still shown above.
TRI land + off-site releasesHealth riskToxic chemicals released to land on-site or transferred off-site for disposal — landfills, deep-well injection, and similar. Risks groundwater contamination over time.
TRI land + off-site releases volumes here are too small to anchor a multi-year trend; YoY movement is still shown above.
Top facilities · TRI 2024
Largest Emitters Inside The City
| Facility | Top chemical | Total releases | YoY |
|---|---|---|---|
| Halcore Group INC. Dba American Emergency VehiclesRev Group INC | TolueneHealth riskCentral-nervous-system depressant. Chronic high exposure causes hearing loss and developmental effects. (EPA, ATSDR) | 13k lb | — |
Drinking water · SDWIS
Water Systems Serving Jefferson
85 unresolved violations on the SDWIS record across utilities serving this city.
2
Utilities serving
2,393
Population served
2
Health-based · 5yr
85
Unresolved
| Water system | PWSID | Population served | Health-based · 5yr | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jefferson, Town Of Municipal | NC0105015 | 1,740 | 2 | UNRESOLVED |
| Jefferson Landing Private | NC0105108 | 653 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
A public water systemis the regulated entity, not the city. EPA's SDWIS definition covers anything serving 25+ people for 60+ days a year or with 15+ service connections — that includes municipal utilities (City of Stockton), water districts, mobile home parks operating their own wells, schools, and small private subdivisions. Each system is independently monitored. Some systems serve multiple cities; some cities are served by many systems.
Equity context · ACS 2018-2022 · USEPA-clone EJ disparity
Who Lives In Jefferson
Jefferson, North Carolina (Census place block groups): 1,872 residents. Why we surface this →
25.5%
Low-income
12.9%
People of color
6.7%
Under age 5
27.3%
Over age 64
Source: Census ACS 2018-2022 (5-year) + USEPA-clone EJ blockgroup stats (raw indicators + EJ disparity mirror).
Health context
Co-Located Health Indicators
Modeled adult-prevalence estimates published by CDC PLACES, paired with this city's pollution and demographic context. Comparisons are ecological, not causal — pollution and disease prevalence covary at the area level, but the data does not attribute any individual's diagnosis to local exposure. How this section works →
Adult asthma (current)
10.6%
CDC PLACES · 2025 release · BRFSS 2022-2023
COPD prevalence
9.3%
CDC PLACES · 2025 release · BRFSS 2022-2023
Coronary heart disease
8.8%
CDC PLACES · 2025 release · BRFSS 2022-2023
Diabetes (diagnosed)
12.7%
CDC PLACES · 2025 release · BRFSS 2022-2023
Frequent mental distress
16.7%
CDC PLACES · 2025 release · BRFSS 2022-2023
PLACES uses BRFSS-modeled small-area estimates, not individual records. Crude prevalence shown above is the local rate as published; comparators are age-adjusted vs the North Carolina mean and the US mean — both population-weighted across counties — so geographies with different age structures stay apples-to-apples. Sources: CDC PLACES · 2025 release · BRFSS 2022-2023.
Sources.
- EPA Toxics Release Inventory · retrieved 2026-05-07.
- EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System · retrieved 2026-05-07.