Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)
Unresolved Total Trihalomethanes Rule violation cited in 2023 (haloacetic acids (haa5)).
City · TRI 2024
Milford, Pennsylvania Pollution
0 TRI facilities inside the city limits and 7 public water systems serving residents.
FIPS 4249400 · population 1,378 · Pike County
Anomaly engine
Notable Signals
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM)
Unresolved Total Trihalomethanes Rule violation cited in 2023 (total trihalomethanes (tthm)).
Contaminant 0700
Unresolved Drinking water rule (140) violation cited in 2025 (contaminant 0700).
Chlorine
Unresolved Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts (Stage 2) violation cited in 2024 (chlorine).
Showing the 4 most editorially weighted signals out of 13. Lower-severity signals fold into the chemical breakdown and history charts below.
Pollutant pathways
Milford Pollutant Multi-Year Trends
Lifetime cancer risk all pollutants (100 in a million (EPA elevated threshold))Health riskEPA-modeled added cancer cases per million residents from a lifetime of breathing local air toxics. EPA flags 100-in-a-million as elevated.
Single-vintage exposure modeling — EPA cadence is multi-year, so no trend line yet.
Formaldehyde ambient mean (0.077 µg/m³ (1-in-a-million URE))Health riskAn air toxic emitted by refineries, wood products, and combustion. EPA classifies it as a known human carcinogen — long-term inhalation raises cancer risk.
Single-vintage exposure modeling — EPA cadence is multi-year, so no trend line yet.
Benzene ambient mean (0.13 µg/m³ (1-in-a-million URE))Health riskAn air toxic from gasoline, refineries, and tobacco smoke. A known human carcinogen — chronic exposure is linked to leukemia and other blood cancers.
Single-vintage exposure modeling — EPA cadence is multi-year, so no trend line yet.
TRI air releases (5.1 fugitive + 5.2 stack)Health riskToxic chemicals reported by industrial facilities as released into the air — fugitive leaks plus smokestack emissions. Higher pounds means more inhaled exposure for nearby residents.
Single-vintage exposure modeling — EPA cadence is multi-year, so no trend line yet.
TRI water releases (5.3)Health riskToxic chemicals reported by industrial facilities as discharged to surface waters (rivers, lakes, the ocean). Affects fishing, recreation, and downstream drinking-water intakes.
Single-vintage exposure modeling — EPA cadence is multi-year, so no trend line yet.
TRI land + off-site releasesHealth riskToxic chemicals released to land on-site or transferred off-site for disposal — landfills, deep-well injection, and similar. Risks groundwater contamination over time.
Single-vintage exposure modeling — EPA cadence is multi-year, so no trend line yet.
Greenhouse gases (GHGRP large emitters, through 2023)Health riskGreenhouse gases reported by large industrial emitters under EPA's GHGRP, in metric tons of CO₂ equivalent. Drives climate warming and the heat-related health effects that follow.
Greenhouse gases (GHGRP large emitters, through 2023) concentrations have fallen 12% since 2016.
Drinking water · SDWIS
Water Systems Serving Milford
231 unresolved violations on the SDWIS record across utilities serving this city.
7
Utilities serving
2,903
Population served
11
Health-based · 5yr
231
Unresolved
| Water system | PWSID | Population served | Health-based · 5yr | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maple Park Garden Apartments Mixed | PA2520208 | 75 | 5 | UNRESOLVED |
| Milford Senior Care Private | PA2520052 | 110 | 3 | UNRESOLVED |
| Crescent Lake North Comm Assoc Private | PA2520086 | 93 | 3 | UNRESOLVED |
| Milford Water Authority Municipal | PA2520046 | 2,420 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| Moon Valley Falls Private | PA2520103 | 120 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| Oak Manor Estates Private | PA2520095 | 50 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| Wheatfield Village Private | PA2520087 | 35 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
A public water systemis the regulated entity, not the city. EPA's SDWIS definition covers anything serving 25+ people for 60+ days a year or with 15+ service connections — that includes municipal utilities (City of Stockton), water districts, mobile home parks operating their own wells, schools, and small private subdivisions. Each system is independently monitored. Some systems serve multiple cities; some cities are served by many systems.
Equity context · ACS 2018-2022 · USEPA-clone EJ disparity
Who Lives In Milford
Milford, Pennsylvania (Census place block groups): 1,378 residents. City disparity score for pm2.5 (fine particulate) sits well below the reference (24). Why we surface this →
9.7%
Low-income
21.3%
People of color
2.9%
Under age 5
20.2%
Over age 64
- PM2.5 (fine particulate)Health riskFine inhalable particles 2.5 micrometers or smaller. They travel deep into the lungs and into the bloodstream — linked to asthma, heart disease, stroke, and premature death.15below the national median
- OzoneHealth riskGround-level ozone (smog) inflames the airways. Even short exposures trigger asthma attacks and worsen chronic lung and heart disease.14below the national median
- Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)Health riskA tailpipe and combustion gas. Concentrates near busy roads and industrial sites; raises risk of airway inflammation, asthma, and lower respiratory infections in children.16below the national median
- Diesel particulateHealth riskSoot from diesel engines (trucks, trains, ports, construction). EPA classifies it as a likely human carcinogen and a major driver of childhood asthma near freight corridors.31below the national median
- Toxic releases (RSEI)Health riskEPA's Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators score — weights TRI chemical releases by toxicity, where they go, and how many people are nearby. Higher means greater modeled cancer and chronic-health risk.21below the national median
- Traffic proximityHealth riskPopulation-weighted distance to high-volume roads. Living close to heavy traffic raises exposure to PM2.5, NO₂, and diesel exhaust — and the cardiovascular and asthma risks that follow.26below the national median
- Lead-paint risk (pre-1960 housing)Health riskShare of housing built before 1960, when lead-based paint was common. Dust from deteriorating paint is the leading cause of childhood lead poisoning, which permanently impairs cognitive development.79above the national median
- Superfund site proximityHealth riskPopulation-weighted distance to NPL Superfund sites — the most contaminated waste sites in the country. Nearby groundwater, soil, and air can carry industrial solvents, metals, and other long-lived contaminants.56near the national median
- RMP-facility proximityHealth riskDistance to facilities holding chemicals at quantities large enough to require an EPA Risk Management Plan (refineries, fertilizer plants, etc.). These pose acute exposure risk during accidental releases.28below the national median
- Hazardous-waste site proximityHealth riskDistance to RCRA hazardous-waste handlers (treatment, storage, disposal facilities). Indicates potential exposure to industrial chemicals in air, soil, and groundwater.21below the national median
- Underground storage tanksHealth riskDensity of underground tanks (gasoline, heating oil, industrial fluids). Leaking tanks are a leading source of benzene and other volatile organic compounds in groundwater drinking-water supplies.66above the national median
- NPDES wastewater proximityHealth riskDistance to permitted industrial wastewater dischargers. Closer proximity raises exposure to pollutants released into surface waters used for fishing, recreation, and downstream drinking-water intakes.31below the national median
- Drinking-water non-complianceHealth riskEPA score for public water systems with health-based Safe Drinking Water Act violations. Higher means more residents on systems that recently exceeded safe limits for contaminants like lead, arsenic, or nitrate.76above the national median
| Indicator | Disparity score | Reading |
|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (fine particulate) | 24 | well below the reference |
| Ozone | 53 | below the reference |
| Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) | 27 | well below the reference |
| Diesel particulate | 52 | below the reference |
| Toxic releases (RSEI) | 33 | well below the reference |
| Traffic proximity | 44 | well below the reference |
| Lead-paint risk (pre-1960 housing) | 116 | moderately above the reference |
| Superfund site proximity | 0 | well below the reference |
| RMP-facility proximity | 0 | well below the reference |
| Hazardous-waste site proximity | 36 | well below the reference |
| Underground storage tanks | 99 | near the reference |
| NPDES wastewater proximity | 49 | well below the reference |
| Drinking-water non-compliance | 0 | well below the reference |
Source: Census ACS 2018-2022 (5-year) + USEPA-clone EJ blockgroup stats (raw indicators + EJ disparity mirror).
Sources.
- EPA Toxics Release Inventory · retrieved 2026-05-07.
- EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System · retrieved 2026-05-07.