Chlorine
Unresolved Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts (Stage 2) violation cited in 2025 (chlorine).
City · TRI 2024
Conroe, Texas Pollution
10 TRI facilities inside the city limits and 31 public water systems serving residents. In-city TRI releases fell meaningfully year over year (-18%). Toxic releases concentrations are up 36% since 2010.
FIPS 4816432 · population 92,475 · Montgomery County
Anomaly engine
Notable Signals
Contaminant 7500
Unresolved Volatile Organic Chemical Rule violation cited in 2025 (contaminant 7500).
Contaminant 7500
Unresolved Volatile Organic Chemical Rule violation cited in 2025 (contaminant 7500).
Chlorine
Unresolved Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts (Stage 2) violation cited in 2023 (chlorine).
Showing the 4 most editorially weighted signals out of 19. Lower-severity signals fold into the chemical breakdown and history charts below.
Pollutant pathways
Conroe Pollutant Multi-Year Trends
PM2.5 annual mean (NAAQS 9 µg/m³ (annual))Health riskFine inhalable particles 2.5 micrometers or smaller. They travel deep into the lungs and into the bloodstream — linked to asthma, heart disease, stroke, and premature death.
PM2.5 annual mean (NAAQS 9 µg/m³ (annual)) concentrations have fallen 11% since 2010.
PM2.5 24-hour 98th percentile (NAAQS 35 µg/m³ (24-hour))Health riskFine inhalable particles 2.5 micrometers or smaller. They travel deep into the lungs and into the bloodstream — linked to asthma, heart disease, stroke, and premature death.
PM2.5 24-hour 98th percentile (NAAQS 35 µg/m³ (24-hour)) concentrations are up 19% since 2010.
Ozone 8-hour 4th-highest daily max (NAAQS 0.070 ppm (8-hour))Health riskGround-level ozone (smog) forms when vehicle and industrial emissions react in sunlight. Inflames the airways, triggers asthma attacks, and worsens heart and lung disease.
Ozone 8-hour 4th-highest daily max (NAAQS 0.070 ppm (8-hour)) concentrations have fallen 19% since 2010.
NO₂ annual mean (NAAQS 53 ppb (annual))Health riskA tailpipe and combustion gas. Concentrates near busy roads and industrial sites; raises risk of airway inflammation, asthma, and lower respiratory infections in children.
NO₂ annual mean (NAAQS 53 ppb (annual)) concentrations have fallen 30% since 2010.
Lifetime cancer risk all pollutants (100 in a million (EPA elevated threshold))Health riskEPA-modeled added cancer cases per million residents from a lifetime of breathing local air toxics. EPA flags 100-in-a-million as elevated.
Single-vintage exposure modeling — EPA cadence is multi-year, so no trend line yet.
Formaldehyde ambient mean (0.077 µg/m³ (1-in-a-million URE))Health riskAn air toxic emitted by refineries, wood products, and combustion. EPA classifies it as a known human carcinogen — long-term inhalation raises cancer risk.
Single-vintage exposure modeling — EPA cadence is multi-year, so no trend line yet.
Benzene ambient mean (0.13 µg/m³ (1-in-a-million URE))Health riskAn air toxic from gasoline, refineries, and tobacco smoke. A known human carcinogen — chronic exposure is linked to leukemia and other blood cancers.
Single-vintage exposure modeling — EPA cadence is multi-year, so no trend line yet.
TRI air releases (5.1 fugitive + 5.2 stack)Health riskToxic chemicals reported by industrial facilities as released into the air — fugitive leaks plus smokestack emissions. Higher pounds means more inhaled exposure for nearby residents.
TRI air releases (5.1 fugitive + 5.2 stack) concentrations have more than halved since 2010.
TRI water releases (5.3)Health riskToxic chemicals reported by industrial facilities as discharged to surface waters (rivers, lakes, the ocean). Affects fishing, recreation, and downstream drinking-water intakes.
TRI water releases (5.3) volumes here are too small to anchor a multi-year trend; YoY movement is still shown above.
TRI land + off-site releasesHealth riskToxic chemicals released to land on-site or transferred off-site for disposal — landfills, deep-well injection, and similar. Risks groundwater contamination over time.
TRI land + off-site releases concentrations have more than doubled since 2016.
Greenhouse gases (GHGRP large emitters, through 2023)Health riskGreenhouse gases reported by large industrial emitters under EPA's GHGRP, in metric tons of CO₂ equivalent. Drives climate warming and the heat-related health effects that follow.
Greenhouse gases (GHGRP large emitters, through 2023) concentrations have more than doubled since 2010.
Top facilities · TRI 2024
Largest Emitters Inside The City
| Facility | Top chemical | Total releases | YoY |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sabre IndustriesSabre Industries INC | Zinc compoundsHealth riskGenerally low acute toxicity. Chronic high-dose exposure disrupts copper absorption and immune function. (ATSDR) | 125k lb | -52% |
| Nov Downhole ConroeNov INC | SilverHealth riskChronic exposure can cause argyria — irreversible blue-grey skin discoloration. Generally low systemic toxicity. (ATSDR) | 124k lb | +672% |
| Ball Metal Beverage Container CorpBall CORP | Certain glycol ethersHealth riskReproductive toxicants; some cause testicular damage and developmental harm. (EPA) | 59k lb | -1% |
| Crown Beverage PackagingCrown Holdings INC | Certain glycol ethersHealth riskReproductive toxicants; some cause testicular damage and developmental harm. (EPA) | 23k lb | -66% |
| Hempel (Usa) INCHempel (Usa) INC | Xylene (mixed isomers)Health riskEye, skin, and respiratory irritant; central-nervous-system effects from chronic exposure. (EPA) | 5k lb | +16% |
| Hiland Dairy Foods LLCPrairie Farms Dairy INC | Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution)Health riskDrinking-water nitrate causes methemoglobinemia ('blue-baby syndrome') in infants; EPA MCL is 10 mg/L as N. (EPA) | 2k lb | -18% |
| Nov Texas Oil Tools/Ctes ConroeNov INC | CopperHealth riskInhaled copper fumes cause metal-fume fever; chronic ingestion above EPA's 1.3 mg/L action level damages the liver. (EPA) | 1k lb | +53% |
| Nov Conroe Brandt/Portable Power & R&D Rig Solutions ScotNov INC | NickelHealth riskNickel compounds are IARC Group 1 carcinogens; inhalation exposure raises lung and nasal cancer risk. (IARC) | 200 lb | -82% |
| Cst CoversSolace Capital Partners LLC | ManganeseHealth riskExcess inhalation can cause manganism, a Parkinson-like neurological disorder. (ATSDR) | 4 lb | +100% |
| Heidelberg Materials - Conroe RmcHeidelberg Materials US INC | LeadHealth riskNeurotoxin. Even low childhood exposure impairs cognitive development; chronic adult exposure damages kidneys and the cardiovascular system. (EPA, ATSDR) | 0 lb | -31% |
Drinking water · SDWIS
Water Systems Serving Conroe
137 unresolved violations on the SDWIS record across utilities serving this city.
31
Utilities serving
135,812
Population served
60
Health-based · 5yr
137
Unresolved
| Water system | PWSID | Population served | Health-based · 5yr | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A & S Water Services Private | TX1700891 | 52 | 56 | UNRESOLVED |
| Town Of Woodloch Municipal | TX1700112 | 747 | 2 | UNRESOLVED |
| Meachen Meadows Subdivision Water System Private | TX1700183 | 132 | 1 | Returned to compliance |
| Lakewood On Lake Conroe Poa Private | TX1700661 | 96 | 1 | Returned to compliance |
| East Plantation Utility District Municipal | TX1700283 | 1,896 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| Domestic Water Company Royal Forest Subd Private | TX1700037 | 1,667 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| Deer Trail Water District Private | TX1700901 | 693 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| Lexington Heights Subdivision Private | TX1700948 | 681 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| Lake South Wsc Municipal | TX1700713 | 628 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| Deer Pines Subdivision Private | TX1700895 | 558 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| Sunrise Ranch Private | TX1700686 | 468 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| Caney Creek Utility Private | TX1700328 | 153 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
| Sjra Grp Sw Treatment Plant Municipal | TX1700822 | 25 | 0 | UNRESOLVED |
Showing the 13 systems with recorded health-based or unresolved violations. 18 additional systems are in compliance with no recorded health-based violations in the past 5 years and are not individually tabulated.
A public water systemis the regulated entity, not the city. EPA's SDWIS definition covers anything serving 25+ people for 60+ days a year or with 15+ service connections — that includes municipal utilities (City of Stockton), water districts, mobile home parks operating their own wells, schools, and small private subdivisions. Each system is independently monitored. Some systems serve multiple cities; some cities are served by many systems.
Superfund / NPL sites
Federal Cleanup Sites In Conroe
Sites on EPA's Superfund National Priorities List, plus deleted sites whose cleanup objectives EPA has finalized. Federal-facility sites (defense, DOE, etc.) are flagged separately. Each link routes to a per-site page.
| Site | Status | Federal facility | Primary contaminant |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conroe Creosoting Co. | NPL FINAL | No | NaphthaleneHealth riskIARC Group 2B possible carcinogen; causes hemolytic anemia, especially in infants. (IARC) |
| United Creosoting Co. | NPL FINAL | No | PentachlorophenolHealth riskIARC Group 1 carcinogen; wood preservative; persistent in soil and groundwater. (IARC, EPA) |
Equity context · ACS 2018-2022 · USEPA-clone EJ disparity
Who Lives In Conroe
Conroe, Texas (Census place block groups): 92,475 residents. City disparity score for pm2.5 (fine particulate) sits moderately above the reference (123). Why we surface this →
11.8%
Low-income
46.4%
People of color
6.7%
Under age 5
14.2%
Over age 64
- PM2.5 (fine particulate)Health riskFine inhalable particles 2.5 micrometers or smaller. They travel deep into the lungs and into the bloodstream — linked to asthma, heart disease, stroke, and premature death.82in the highest 20% nationally
- OzoneHealth riskGround-level ozone (smog) inflames the airways. Even short exposures trigger asthma attacks and worsen chronic lung and heart disease.77above the national median
- Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)Health riskA tailpipe and combustion gas. Concentrates near busy roads and industrial sites; raises risk of airway inflammation, asthma, and lower respiratory infections in children.58near the national median
- Diesel particulateHealth riskSoot from diesel engines (trucks, trains, ports, construction). EPA classifies it as a likely human carcinogen and a major driver of childhood asthma near freight corridors.50near the national median
- Toxic releases (RSEI)Health riskEPA's Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators score — weights TRI chemical releases by toxicity, where they go, and how many people are nearby. Higher means greater modeled cancer and chronic-health risk.97in the highest 5% nationally
- Traffic proximityHealth riskPopulation-weighted distance to high-volume roads. Living close to heavy traffic raises exposure to PM2.5, NO₂, and diesel exhaust — and the cardiovascular and asthma risks that follow.46near the national median
- Lead-paint risk (pre-1960 housing)Health riskShare of housing built before 1960, when lead-based paint was common. Dust from deteriorating paint is the leading cause of childhood lead poisoning, which permanently impairs cognitive development.30below the national median
- Superfund site proximityHealth riskPopulation-weighted distance to NPL Superfund sites — the most contaminated waste sites in the country. Nearby groundwater, soil, and air can carry industrial solvents, metals, and other long-lived contaminants.90in the highest 10% nationally
- RMP-facility proximityHealth riskDistance to facilities holding chemicals at quantities large enough to require an EPA Risk Management Plan (refineries, fertilizer plants, etc.). These pose acute exposure risk during accidental releases.80above the national median
- Hazardous-waste site proximityHealth riskDistance to RCRA hazardous-waste handlers (treatment, storage, disposal facilities). Indicates potential exposure to industrial chemicals in air, soil, and groundwater.41near the national median
- Underground storage tanksHealth riskDensity of underground tanks (gasoline, heating oil, industrial fluids). Leaking tanks are a leading source of benzene and other volatile organic compounds in groundwater drinking-water supplies.68above the national median
- NPDES wastewater proximityHealth riskDistance to permitted industrial wastewater dischargers. Closer proximity raises exposure to pollutants released into surface waters used for fishing, recreation, and downstream drinking-water intakes.40near the national median
- Drinking-water non-complianceHealth riskEPA score for public water systems with health-based Safe Drinking Water Act violations. Higher means more residents on systems that recently exceeded safe limits for contaminants like lead, arsenic, or nitrate.78above the national median
| Indicator | Disparity score | Reading |
|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (fine particulate) | 123 | moderately above the reference |
| Ozone | 61 | below the reference |
| Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) | 89 | below the reference |
| Diesel particulate | 76 | below the reference |
| Toxic releases (RSEI) | 143 | moderately above the reference |
| Traffic proximity | 70 | below the reference |
| Lead-paint risk (pre-1960 housing) | 31 | well below the reference |
| Superfund site proximity | 125 | moderately above the reference |
| RMP-facility proximity | 112 | moderately above the reference |
| Hazardous-waste site proximity | 62 | below the reference |
| Underground storage tanks | 95 | near the reference |
| NPDES wastewater proximity | 58 | below the reference |
| Drinking-water non-compliance | 6 | well below the reference |
Source: Census ACS 2018-2022 (5-year) + USEPA-clone EJ blockgroup stats (raw indicators + EJ disparity mirror).
Health context
Co-Located Health Indicators
Modeled adult-prevalence estimates published by CDC PLACES, paired with this city's pollution and demographic context. Comparisons are ecological, not causal — pollution and disease prevalence covary at the area level, but the data does not attribute any individual's diagnosis to local exposure. How this section works →
Adult asthma (current)
9.9%
CDC PLACES · 2025 release · BRFSS 2022-2023
COPD prevalence
6.1%
CDC PLACES · 2025 release · BRFSS 2022-2023
Coronary heart disease
5.6%
CDC PLACES · 2025 release · BRFSS 2022-2023
Diabetes (diagnosed)
12.1%
CDC PLACES · 2025 release · BRFSS 2022-2023
Frequent mental distress
17.6%
CDC PLACES · 2025 release · BRFSS 2022-2023
PLACES uses BRFSS-modeled small-area estimates, not individual records. Crude prevalence shown above is the local rate as published; comparators are age-adjusted vs the Texas mean and the US mean — both population-weighted across counties — so geographies with different age structures stay apples-to-apples. Sources: CDC PLACES · 2025 release · BRFSS 2022-2023.
Sources.
- EPA Toxics Release Inventory · retrieved 2026-05-07.
- EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System · retrieved 2026-05-07.